Impacts sociaux

Social Impact Studies

Any project implemented in a territory has potential impacts (positive and negative)

Preventing risks ensures project success and full participation of residents

Risk management is a regulatory obligation

  • Stakeholder engagement: public meetings, consultation mechanisms, CPLE…
  • Upgrading studies to meet international requirements and standards (IFC, World Bank, AfDB, Equator Principles, etc.)
  • Scoping studies
  • Baseline studies, initial state
  • Social impact studies (social component of EIAs)
  • Resettlement Action Plans (RAP) and relocation
  • Social support and monitoring of vulnerable groups
  • Monitoring, evaluations, and project audits
  • Livelihood restoration plans
  • Capacity buildingTraining

TRIDENT ENERGY CONGO

CONGO – 2025

Participatory diagnostic to identify priority community needs in Kouilou and Pointe-Noire departments, to design relevant social initiatives in education, health, sanitation, livelihoods, and biodiversity conservation.

STC / TEREA

CONGO – 2025

Methodological support for evaluating and improving tools for managing indigenous peoples in the Ipendja UFA (STC), including team training, case study, and recommendations for OLB/PEFC certification.

AFD

2025

Support mission for analyzing AFD’s exclusion list Article 19 application guide regarding prior forced evictions in conservation and plantation projects, and methodological recommendations for handling legacy issues.

AFD / BRLi

TANZANIA / 2025

Critical review of RAP, gap analysis, and corrective action plan to align with ESS 5 under the Shinyanga water and sanitation project.

Suivi-évaluation PARSA-PPFNC Congo PEES

AFD / PARSA- Ministère de l’agriculture et de l’élevage

CONGO / 2024-2025

Annual and final evaluation of implementing environmental and social standards defined in the joint Environmental and Social Commitment Plan for PARSA-PPFNC projects. Consultations, analyses, and improvement recommendations.

AFD / Urbaconsulting

CAMEROON / 2024-2025

Production and development of the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) for the PMUS project (Urban Mobility and Transport Improvement Project). Redevelopment of a dozen sites in Yaoundé.

Ganvié PAR étude d'impacts

AFD

BENIN / 2024-2025

Support for revising and aligning the RAP for the Akassato–Sô Ava road under the “Reinventing the Ganvié Lake City” project: gap analysis, corrective action plan, and assistance for document update to meet ESS 5.

Stratégie de compensation Mahé Bibimbou Congo

AFD / PARSA- Ministère de l’agriculture et de l’élevage

CONGO / 2024-2025

Technical assistance to identify financial needs and approach for relocating and compensating affected persons during the construction of Germain Bibimbou market. Scoping study, methodological design, data analysis, and action plan development.

PROPARCO

IVORY COAST / 2024

Preliminary social due diligence for a reforestation project in a degraded classified forest based on a carbon credit generation and sale model: review, opinion, and recommendations on identified social risks, measures, programs, and social planning, with a focus on IFC PS5 compliance.

NIRAS / FMO / IFO

REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2024-2025

Define an operational roadmap to move from FSC certification to IFC Performance Standards compliance for IFO company. Development of a SEP, RAP, and Indigenous Peoples Plan.

AFD / VSI-AFRIQUE

DRC / 2024-2025

Support for revising and finalizing the Resettlement Action Plan following changes to the Detailed Preliminary Project for the AEP Mpungwe-Bukavu infrastructure project.

IRD

CAMEROON / 2024

Identification of historical and intangible heritage sites within the Project’s direct influence area. Coordination of historical and economic study. Collection of anthropological data.

Étude d'impact social Congo Brazzaville Plan de réinstallation PAR

TEREA / AGRECO GEIE / CIRAD

REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2022-2024

The lack of planning and urban infrastructure in Brazzaville has led to the creation of precarious neighborhoods. Each rainy season causes dramatic flooding and significant damage. The Congolese government launched a program focused on roads and drainage works. In 2009, AFD financed the first phase of the stormwater drainage program. Later, in 2015, France and Congo committed to implementing phase 2. In 2020, a new tender was launched for the RAP for phase 2 of the Brazzaville stormwater drainage project. The Urbaconsulting–EDAU–Comète–AnthropoLinks consortium was selected.

Étude d'impact social RDC Rwanda peuples autochtones PS7

REL

DRC-RWANDA / 2023

The social impact study mainly consisted of collecting information to document the status and situation of Batwa populations in the project area. The ultimate goal was to determine whether ESS 7 “Indigenous Peoples” and IFC PS7 should be triggered for the project.

Étude d'impact social café cacao compensation carbone Togo

SALVATERRA

TOGO / 2022-2023

This project aims at afforestation or reforestation of agricultural plots to promote diversified and sustainable agroforestry systems and the creation of community and private forests. The scoping mission mainly consisted of pre-identifying project issues and methodologies to be implemented.

Étude d'impact social Congo Sociétés forestières peuples autochtones

TEREA / AGRECO GEIE / CIRAD

REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2022

The overall objective of the mission was to contribute to improving forest planning and sustainable management practices, notably through providing methods and tools to strengthen respectful and trust-based relationships between forestry companies and local communities and indigenous peoples.

impacts sociaux gouvernance Niger Mali Burkina Faso Liptako Gourma

ESA / ALG / Geo212 / Pixstart

NIGER, MALI, BURKINA FASO (Région du Liptako-Gourma) / 2022-2023

The 2024 objective is to set up an inventory and monitoring tool for gold mining and its impacts for the benefit of the three ALG member states. Given the complexity of the project, a phased approach was developed, starting with a pilot phase funded by the European Space Agency (ESA).

Étude d'impact social Madagascar audit plan de réinstallation

Tozzi Green Madagascar / Oualata Consultant

MADAGASCAR / 2022

The mission consisted of an audit to verify compliance of TGM’s actions for land acquisition and livelihood restoration with PS5. Gaps and corrective actions were identified and proposed. The study resulted in a corrective Resettlement Action Plan.

Étude d'impact social PROJET HYDROÉLECTRIQUE CÔTE D'IVOIRE Plan de réinstallation

IHE

IVORY COAST / 2022

As part of the extension of the tailrace channel for the Singrobo Hydropower Project, we were tasked with upgrading the Resettlement Action Plan (RAP) to comply with international standards. This process was followed by the development of a corrective action plan to improve RAP quality and compliance.

Étude d'impact social Togo projet hydroélectrique cadrage

Neothemis / AT2ER

TOGO / 2021

AnthropoLinks contributed to finalizing the scoping study on the social component. We also provided support and identified procedures and estimated the effort (human and financial) required for developing the ESIA, CPR, SEP, and RAP.

Étude d'impact social Maroc gap analyse

IFC

MOROCCO / 2020-2021

This study was conducted as part of a program to improve water supply and sanitation in the Beni Mellal-Khénifra Region. First, we performed a gap analysis of available data. AnthropoLinks also developed a methodology for classifying social risks. Based on this, we carried out a pre-screening of projects for social risks.

impacts sociaux peuples autochtones PUDT Congo

Agence française du développement (AFD) / ONF International

REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2020-2021

As part of PUDT, an analysis of issues related to indigenous populations was conducted. This was part of assessing social risks and impacts, developing FPIC processes, grievance mechanisms, and stakeholder engagement frameworks.

Étude d'impact social assistance technique Maroc acquisition des terres routes

IFC

MOROCCO / 2020-2022

Technical assistance was provided to teams in the Casablanca-Settat and Fes-Meknes regions. This included producing tools and procedures for land acquisition implementation and delivering training on international standards to strengthen team capacities.

impacts sociaux peuples autochtones pygmées sociétés forestières Congo

Compagnie industrielle du bois

REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2019-2021 / 2023

As part of this mission, AnthropoLinks assessed actions and policies implemented by CIB, particularly auditing CSR practices and analyzing actions under FSC. Later, in the second phase, the mission focused on the situation of indigenous peoples employed by CIB.

Étude d'impact social audit évaluation Maroc

Royal Haskoning

MOROCCO / 2019-2020

AnthropoLinks monitored the social component of the project, aiming to ensure compliance with EBRD PR5 and PR10 standards.

Étude d'impact social cadre de restauration des moyens d'existence Maroc

IFC

MOROCCO / 2019-2020

This project aims to improve local communities’ access to basic services and their safety, regardless of weather conditions. In this context, our expertise consisted of assessing project risks on populations’ livelihoods. We also verified process compliance with international standards. Finally, we proposed a livelihood restoration framework.

Étude d'impact social Togo EIES PEPP

Oréade-Brèche / Agence française du Développement (AFD) 

TOGO / 2019 

As part of the Sarakawa hydropower project, we provided support for developing the stakeholder engagement plan. In parallel, a social component of the Environmental and Social Impact Assessment (ESIA) was also carried out.

Étude d'impact social Guinée Plan d'action de réinstallation PAR

F. Giovanetti / GAC 

GUINEA / 2019 

In this context, AnthropoLinks was responsible for drafting the RAP.

Étude d'impact social Tchad audit

Oréade-Brêche / Agence Française du Développement (AFD)

CHAD / 2019 

A compliance check of the Project with ESS5 was conducted. This also included evaluating best practices implemented in the project’s RAP.

Étude d'impact social Mozambique PAR EIES PEPP

Oréade-Brêche 

MOZAMBIQUE / 2018 

AnthropoLinks conducted a critical review of project documentation (ESIA, SEP, and RAP) for the Limpopo Basin Climate Resilience Project.

Étude d'impact social EIES Etude de faisabilité, PAR, PGES, PEPP Niger

Nodalis

NIGER / 2017-2018 

Critical analysis of Kandadji Dam project documents’ compliance with international performance standards and production of a note on potential conflicts in the project area. Documents analyzed: ESIA, Feasibility Study, RAP, ESMP, SEP.

Étude d'impact social Guinée PAR

Borealis, EGA-GAC 

GUINEA / 2017-2018 

AnthropoLinks ensured scientific, technical, and logistical coordination. As mission lead, we supervised data management, investigator training, and deliverable production. We also handled data quality control, ensuring reliability of results.

impacts sociaux Tchad audit revue PAR

Oréade Brèche / AFD 

CHAD / 2017-2018 

AnthropoLinks conducted a critical review of the RAP against international best practices (including World Bank OPs). This involved identifying gaps and making recommendations. An audit of RAP implementation was then carried out.

impacts sociaux Guinée Patrimoine culturel

EEM-inc /CBG

GUINEA / 2017 

The mission consisted of reviewing the Cultural Heritage Site Management Plan for CBG and verifying its compliance with IFC PS8.

Étude d'impact social Côte d'Ivoire PAR PEPP

F. Giovannetti / THEMIS Energy / BNETD

IVORY COAST / 2016-2017 

This mission involved upgrading the RAP and SEP through a gap analysis against international standards. We strengthened the RAP by identifying and categorizing affected fishermen and developed specific livelihood restoration measures. We also enhanced the SEP for more inclusive participation. Throughout the process, we supported experts and local consultancies while fostering continuous stakeholder engagement.

Étude d'impact social Guinée PAR

Guinea Alumina Corporation S.A. (GAC)

GUINEA / 2016 

Consulting mission for population resettlement on Kamsar and Tinguilinta sites. AnthropoLinks handled mobilization, consultation, and stakeholder expectation monitoring. Our teams also recruited and trained the local team and monitored resettlement sites.

impacts sociaux Guinée pêche baseline

F. Giovannetti / EGA

GUINEA / 2015 

We designed and facilitated stakeholder consultations, including fishermen, fishing companies, and Ministry of Fisheries representatives. Through an in-depth diagnostic, we studied fishing practices, techniques, and zones. We analyzed the fish sales chain (fresh and dried) and conducted a specific study on women’s roles in processing and selling fish products.

Étude d'impact social Guinée plan d'actions de réinstallation PAR

F. Giovannetti / EGA

GUINEA / 2015 

We developed and implemented consultation mechanisms with affected households, host communities, and key informants. Simultaneously, we conducted a comprehensive socio-economic study covering all households impacted by the project.

impacts sociaux Congo Plan d'actions environnemental et social PAES

Oréade Brèche / Port Autonome de Pointe Noire (PAPN)

REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2015 

We implemented a robust methodology for collecting social data in the field. We also developed and executed consultation processes with ten fishing villages, NGOs, and institutions involved in the project. Additionally, we prepared a detailed Environmental Action Plan outlining identified impacts, corrective measures, and the consultation and participation framework. This plan included a grievance mechanism to ensure transparency and effective community feedback.

impacts sociaux Cameroun peuples autochtones CLPE FPIC

ERM / CamIron

CAMEROON / 2015 

This mission mainly consisted of conducting an in-depth baseline study to identify the project’s key potential impacts. At the same time, we developed and implemented the Free, Prior and Informed Consent (FPIC) process and stakeholder engagement, ensuring transparent and inclusive involvement. We also adapted data collection tools while aligning procedures and approaches with Performance Standard 7, focused on Indigenous Peoples. This approach thus guaranteed respect for the rights and expectations of indigenous communities involved in the project.

impacts sociaux eau potable République démocratique du Congo RDC

VSI-Afrique / REGIDESO RDCongo / IGIP

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2014-2015

In this mission, we actively contributed to designing the survey methodology in six cities in DRC. We then managed the creation of the database and ensured data entry and quality control for information collected from 2,000 respondents. Our expertise was key in the quantitative data analysis, providing robust and relevant results to guide the next steps of the project.

impacts sociaux Guinée EIES baseline pêche

Rio Tinto

GUINEA / 2014

We began our mission by delivering comprehensive training to the local team and key stakeholders, strengthening their skills and understanding of the issues. Data management and quality control were rigorously ensured, guaranteeing reliability. At the same time, we assessed risks and identified opportunities, providing a solid basis for decision-making. Finally, we designed and implemented consultation mechanisms and surveys, fostering a participatory and inclusive approach.

Étude d'impact social EIES Cameroun peuples autochtones

Environmental Resources Management (ERM) / Caminex

CAMEROON / 2014 

We initiated the process by designing and implementing consultation mechanisms to promote stakeholder inclusion. Simultaneously, we carried out baseline data collection specifically focused on indigenous peoples. This approach ensured active participation and a thorough understanding of the situation from the outset.

impacts sociaux mine réinstallation vulnérabilité République démocratique du Congo Katanga

Tenke Fungurume Mining

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2013

We implemented multi-level consultations in villages, including public meetings, focus groups, and individual interviews. At the same time, we established, trained, and facilitated stakeholder consultation committees. We also conducted a perception study in resettlement villages, assessing the reception of the mining project and changes in living standards. This comprehensive approach allowed us to measure vulnerability factors—demographic, economic, health, and social—and identify vulnerable individuals.

impacts sociaux baseline agriculture République démocratique du Congo RDC Katanga mine

Tenke Fungurume Mining

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2013

Our mission involved training and supporting the local team, conducting a census and mapping of agricultural lands, and analyzing land tenure rules, access to natural resources, and farming activities. By assessing living standards and livelihoods, we identified vulnerable individuals. At the same time, we set up and facilitated stakeholder consultation committees and mechanisms. Finally, risks and opportunities were identified.

Étude d'impact social République démocratique du Congo Katanga évaluation réinstallation

Tenke Fungurume Mining

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2013

We continuously provided training and support to the local team. An in-depth analysis of farming activities was also conducted, enabling us to assess living standards and livelihoods and identify vulnerable individuals. At the same time, we established and facilitated stakeholder consultation committees and mechanisms. Finally, we identified associated risks and opportunities.

impacts sociaux baseline projet urbain République démocratique du Congo RDC Katanga mine

Tenke Fungurume Mining

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2013

Training and support for the local team were provided throughout the mission. We also conducted a census and mapping of agricultural lands and analyzed land tenure rules. Population profiles were established, and we assessed living standards, vulnerability, and project risks. We identified formal and informal economic activities and grassroots organizations. Throughout the project, we set up and facilitated stakeholder consultation committees and mechanisms. Additionally, we monitored inflation and conducted an in-depth market study. This study focused particularly on artisanal mining.

impacts sociaux baseline agriculture République démocratique du Congo RDC Katanga mine

Tenke Fungurume Mining

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2012-2013

Our mission included training and supporting the local team. At the same time, we carried out a census and mapping of agricultural lands, examined land tenure regulations, access to natural resources, and farming practices. By assessing living standards and livelihoods, we identified vulnerable individuals. We continuously established and facilitated stakeholder consultation committees and mechanisms. Finally, we identified risks and opportunities.

Étude d'impact social plan d'actions de réinstallation République démocratique du Congo RDC Katanga mine

Tenke Fungurume Mining

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO / 2011-2013

As part of this mission, AnthropoLinks led socio-economic studies related to the resettlement of Mitumba village. We developed an approach aligned with international performance standards on economic and physical displacement and respect for local population rights. We were responsible for planning and coordinating teams and studies, as well as methodology, social study, and statistical analyses.

Étude d'impact social EIES creuseurs artisanaux République démocratique du Congo RDC Katanga mine

Phelps Dodge Congo

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (DRC)  / 2012

As part of this mission, we conducted an in-depth study on artisanal and illegal mining. In parallel, we carried out a detailed analysis and mapping of cultural and intangible heritage. We also performed a comprehensive assessment of socio-economic activities—both formal and informal—livelihoods, and living standards. Additionally, we characterized local organizations involved and set up and facilitated stakeholder consultation committees and mechanisms. Finally, our team conducted an in-depth analysis of land tenure rules, practices, and access to natural resources, accompanied by detailed land-use mapping.

impacts sociaux EIES pêcheurs République démocratique du Congo RDC Katanga mine

Phelps Dodge Congo

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (DRC) / 2012

The local team was trained and supported. We carried out a comprehensive census and conducted quantitative and qualitative socio-economic analyses. Our team also assessed risks and opportunities. We organized and facilitated consultation and mediation committees as well as participatory mechanisms.

Étude d'impact social GUINÉE EIES PAR

Environmental Resource Management (ERM) / Rio Tinto

GUINEA / 2012 

A new railway line, the Trans-Guinean, is under construction to connect southeastern Guinea to the coast, enabling the transport of iron ore from the Simandou project. The objective of the study was to provide a baseline study (ESIA) and a resettlement and compensation plan (RAP). It aimed to assess how the project would impact the environment and local communities and identify measures to mitigate negative impacts and maximize potential benefits for all.

impacts sociaux Guinée EIES baseline pêche

SNC-Lavalin / Rio Tinto

GUINEA / 2012 

A deep-water port is being built on the Guinean coast to transport iron ore from the Simandou project. The objective of the study was to provide a baseline study including quantitative indicators on fishing activities and fishery resources in the port area. It also considered seasonal variations to provide data on income by fishing zone and techniques. The fishing study was conducted by an interdisciplinary team (social anthropologists and fisheries specialists) over three contrasting seasons.

Étude d'impact social République démocratique du Congo Katanga EIES

Tenke Fungurume Mining

DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF CONGO (DRC) / 2011-2013

AnthropoLinks implemented the social component of the ESIA prior to launching the second phase of TFM operations. The study was divided into several stages. First, we identified, surveyed, and conducted a brief socio-economic study in villages within the project’s footprint. Next, we carried out socio-economic studies in agricultural and restricted zones. The third stage aimed to identify impacts and villages concerned by a resettlement plan. Finally, we conducted a market study and monitored inflation. Throughout the project, we ensured continuous stakeholder engagement.

impacts sociaux Guinée EIES baseline

SNC-Lavalin / Rio Tinto

GUINEA / 2011-2012 

A new railway line, the Trans-Guinean, is under construction to connect southeastern Guinea to the coast for transporting iron ore from the Simandou project. The objective of the study was to provide a socio-economic baseline along the railway route and at the deep-water port construction site. We delivered an assessment of income, living conditions, and resources of local populations potentially impacted by the project.

impacts sociaux Gabon peuples autochtones pygmées

Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle / Université Omar Bongo

GABON / 2011 

Monographs and socio-economic surveys; Influence of mobility on inter-ethnic relations; Land management and access to natural resources; Socio-cultural characteristics.

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